Compact Disc

The compact disc (CD) is a digital optical disc data storage format that was co-developed by Philips and Sony to store and play digital audio recordings. It uses the Compact Disc Digital Audio format which typically provides 74 minutes of audio on a disc. In later years, the compact disc was adapted for non-audio computer data storage purposes as CD-ROM and its derivatives. First released in Japan in October 1982, the CD was the second optical disc technology to be invented, after the much larger LaserDisc (LD). By 2007, 200 billion CDs (including audio CDs, CD-ROMs and CD-Rs) had been sold worldwide.

1982–present[]

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Compact Disc

Red Book

CD-DA | CD-Text | CD+G | CD+EG

Yellow Book
CD-ROM

Green Book
CD-i

Orange Book
CD-R | CD-RW

Beige Book
Photo CD

White Book
Video CD (Super Video CD)

Blue Book
CD+

Scarlet Book
Super Audio CD

Purple Book
DDCD | DD-R | DD-RW

Other
CD Video | HDCD

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Sony

Electronics/Technologies

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Sony Interactive Entertainment

Part of Sony

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PlayStation

A product of Sony Interactive Entertainment

Consoles
Home: PlayStation | PS2 | PS3 | PS4 | PS5
Handheld: PSP · Go | Vita

Embedded hardware
System 573 | PSX | Xperia Play | TV

Magazines
PLAY (magazine)

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PlayStation Productions

Part of Sony Interactive Entertainment

Films:
Ratchet & Clank | Uncharted | Gran Turismo: Based on a True Story

Television series:
The Last of Us | Twisted Metal

Upcoming productions:
Flims: Days Gone | Ghost of Tsushima | Gravity Rush
Television series: God of War | Horizon

Predecessor
Super Disc

V • T • E PlayStation Vita apps
Applications Browser \| Calendar \| Content Manager \| Email \| Friends \| Maps \| Messages \| Music \| Near \| Parental Controls \| Party \| Photos \| PS4 Link \| Remote Play \| Settings \| Trophies \| Videos \| Welcome Park

¹PlayStation Music is still available on the PlayStation 4, but has been renamed Spotify on other PlayStation devices.

Other
Bungie¹ | Evo (50%)² | SN Systems

Franchises

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Ape Escape

Main Games

Ape Escape | Ape Escape 2 | Ape Escape 3

Spin-offs
Pipo Saru 2001 | Saru! Get You! Million Monkeys | Racing | Saru! Get You! SaruSaru Big Mission | Ape Quest

Party games
Pumped & Primed | EyeToy: Monkey Mania | Academy | Academy 2 | PlayStation Move

Appearances
Metal Gear Solid 3: Snake Eater | PlayStation All-Stars Battle Royale

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Gran Turismo

Video games:

Gran Turismo | 2 | 3: A-Spec | Concept | 4 | PSP | 5 | 6 | Sport | 7

Adaptations:
Gran Turismo: Based on a True Story

Concept cars:
Vision Gran Turismo

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Jak and Daxter

Main Games

The Precursor Legacy | Jak II | Jak 3 | The Lost Frontier

Other Games
Jak X: Combat Racing | Daxter | Collection

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Ratchet & Clank

Main Games

Reimagining
Ratchet & Clank (2016)

Spin-offs
Size Matters | Secret Agent Clank | All 4 One | Collection | Full Frontal Assault

Mobile Games
Going Mobile | Clone Home | Before the Nexus

Films
Ratchet & Clank (2016)

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Sly Cooper

Main Games

The Thievius Raccoonus | Band of Thieves | Honor Among Thieves | Thieves in Time

Other Games
The Sly Collection | Bentley's Hackpack

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Uncharted

Main Games

Drake's Fortune | Among Thieves | Drake's Deception | A Thief's End

Other Games
Golden Abyss | Fight for Fortune | The Nathan Drake Collection | The Lost Legacy

Other Media
Eye of Indra | The Fourth Labyrinth

Live Action:
Uncharted

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WipEout

Games

AG Racing League

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God of War

Main Games

Other Games
Betrayal | Collection | Origins Collection

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Resistance

Main games

Resistance: Fall of Man | Resistance 2 | Resistance 3

Other games
Resistance: Retribution | Resistance: Burning Skies

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Killzone

A Guerrilla Games franchise

Main Games
Killzone | Killzone 2 | Killzone 3 | Killzone: Shadow Fall

Other Games
Killzone: Liberation | Killzone: Mercenary

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The Last of Us

Video games

Part I (Remastered PS4 | Remake PS5) | Part II (Remastered)

Adaptations
American Dreams | HBO series

¹ A Sony/PlayStation-owned subsidiary not under PlayStation Studios
² Joint venture with Endeavor's esports venture RTS
³ Defunct joint venture with Bandai Namco Holdings
⁴ Staff moved to Codemasters Cheshire

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Sony Music Entertainment

Part of Sony

Flagship labels
Columbia Records | RCA Records | Epic Records (Japan) | Arista Records

Notes

¹	Co-owned with Sony Pictures Television.
²	Co-owned with Shueisha and Wit Studio.
³	Co-owned with WildBrain (41%) and Charles M. Schulz Creative Associates (20%).
⁴	Now a label of Sony Pictures Home Entertainment.
⁵	Co-owner with Paramount.

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Sony Pictures Entertainment

Part of Sony

Sony Pictures Home Entertainment:
Universal Sony Pictures Home Entertainment | Sony Pictures Kids Zone | Kartoon Studios (7%)

Sony Pictures Worldwide Acquisitions:
Destination Films | Affirm Films | Stage 6 Films

Sony Pictures Television Networks:
AXN: Asia | Latin America | Portugal and Spain
Other AXN-branded channels: AXN White (Portugal) | AXN Movies (Spain | Portugal)

Sony Channel: Latin America | Brazil

Sony Movies: Latin America | United States (Sony Cine)

Other US Networks: Great Entertainment Television

Video-on-demand:
Crunchyroll | Sony Networks | Sony One | Sony Pictures Core

Other channels:
Crunchyroll Channel | Game Show Network³ (Game Show Central) | Lifetime (Latin America)⁴ | FMN (Indonesia)⁵

Sony Pictures Experiences:
Alamo Drafthouse Cinema | Columbia Pictures Aquaverse | Wonderverse

Video-on-demand: Southeast Asia and India: HOOQ¹³ | United States: VRV | Funimation

Video-on-demand: Crackle

Other: Sony Pictures DVD Center

Notes

¹	Co-owned with Aniplex.
²	Formerly co-owned with Skybound.
³	Formerly co-owned with AT&T; Sony acquired AT&T’s stake of GSN in 2019.
⁴	Joint venture with A+E Networks.
⁵	Joint venture with Dori Media Group.
⁶	Co-owned with Nippon Television.
⁷	Transferred to Sony Music Entertainment Japan in 2001 and renamed to Aniplex in 2003.
⁸	Joint venture with Gaumont.
⁹	Joint venture with IMAX Corporation and Warner Bros. Discovery
¹⁰	Under license from Warner Bros. Discovery.
¹¹	Sold to Duo Media Networks (Postimees Grupp).
¹²	Joint venture with ESPN.
¹³	Joint venture with Warner Bros. Discovery and Singtel.
¹⁴	Sold to KC Global Media Entertainment.
¹⁵	Sold to Narrative Entertainment.
¹⁶	Sold to SPI International.
¹⁷	Sold to National Media Group.
¹⁸	Sold to Antenna Group.
¹⁹	Under license from Viasat.
²⁰	Sold to Nojima.
²¹	Sold to JVM Holding.
²²	Joint venture with HarperCollins.
²³	Sold to Sastisfaction Group.
²⁴	Sold to High View Group.
²⁵	Sold to Eastern Television.
²⁶	Sold to Studio 100
²⁷	Co-onwed by The Coca-Cola Company
²⁸	Joint venture with Hasbro
²⁹	Assets acquired by WYNIT Distribution LLC.
³⁰	Joint venture with Warner Bros. Studios
³¹	Joint venture with LBS Communications, Inc.
³²	Joint venture with Thorn EMI, Warner Bros. and Cannon Films
³³	Joint Venture with 20th Century Studios

Notes

¹	Joint venture with Honda.
²	Former joint venture with Samsung Electronics.
³	Former joint venture with Ericsson.
⁴	Marketed by the Blu-ray Disc Association.
⁵	Marketed by the DVD Format/Logo Licensing Corporation.

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Philips

Current assets:

Notes:
¹Co-developed with Sony.
²Co-developed with MCA and Pioneer.
³Spun off from both Philips and LG Electronics in 2008 to become LP Displays.
⁴Sold its remaining shares to LG Electronics. Now under LG Corporation.
⁵Sold to Seagram's. Now under Universal Music Group.
⁶Sold to TPV Technology
⁷Sold to Gibson. Brand licensing now owned by TPV Technology since 2018.