The Northern franchise was formed by the merger of the former Regional Railways North East franchise and part of the former North West Regional Railways franchise.
2004–2007
The franchise was initially awarded to Serco-Abellio.
2007–2016
2016–present
In 2016, the franchise was awarded to Arriva. On 29 January 2020, the Department for Transport announced the franchise was to be taken over by an operator of last resort, taking effect from 1 March 2020. The existing Northern name and branding was retained.
'by Arriva' variant used from 2018–2020.
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